دانلود کتاب اکوسیستم های جنگلی

The common idea for many people is that forests are just a collection of trees. However, forests are much more than just that. They are complex, functional systems of interacting and often interdependent biological, physical, and chemical components, the biological part of which has evolved to perpetuate itself through the production of new organic matter created by consecutive generations of plants and animals (Kimmins 2004). This complexity produces combinations of climate, soil, and animal and plant species unique to each site, resulting in hundreds of different forest types around the world. Logically, trees are an important component and focus of any forest research program, but the wide variety of other life forms and abiotic components in most forests means that other elements, such as wildlife or soil nutrients, are often out of the focal point, even if they are of great importance for the composition and function of the ecosystem. Thus, the study of forest ecosystems is a highly diverse and important branch of the field of ecological studies. In this book, the readers can find the latest research related to forest ecosystems but with a different twist. The chapters in this book are not just on trees and are focused on the other components, structures and functions that are usually overshadowed by the focus on trees, but that are equally important in order to maintain the ecological services provided by forests.